机械设计07_柱屈曲.ppt

07 Columns Failure of Columns Differential Equation for Pin-Ended Beams Euler’s Formula for Pin-Ended Beams Extension of Euler’s Formula to Cantilever Beams Other Beams Critical Stress for Columns: Euler’s Equation Critical Stress for Columns: Johnson’s Formula Critical Stress for Columns: Summary Critical Stress for Columns: Other Formula Example 1 Solution to Ex. 1 (a) Solution to Ex. 1 (b) Eccentric Loading; The Secant Formula Eccentric Loading; The Secant Formula Esc TOPIC School of Engineering Mechanical Engineering ME 461 Design ? Tulong Zhu, All rights reserved. Allowable stress is not exceeded: After these design calculations, may discover that the column is unstable under loading and that it suddenly becomes sharply curved or buckles. Deformation falls within specifications: The component under a cyclic loading should have a fatigue life higher than the specified: N Nspec Static Strength Static Stiffness Fatigue Stability Consider an axially loaded beam. After a small perturbation, the system reaches an equilibrium configuration. Solution to the Differential Eq. Bending Moment Differential Equation ? Solution Column Solution Boundary Condition A = 0 ? y = 0: no buckling A ≠ 0, the non-trivial solution for buckling : ? or Critical Load: n=1 If P Pcr ? ? A = 0 ? y = 0 : no buckling If P ? Pcr ? y ≠ 0 : buckling occurs A column with one fixed and one free end, will behave as the upper-half of a pin-connected column. The critical loading is calculated from Euler’s formula, Can we get the same result from solving a differential equation? Yes, BUT k = 0.5 k = 2 k = 0.7 k = 1 Critical Load Critical Stress, Euler’s Equation For a circular column with a radius of R, E = 200 GPa Let’s plot scr v.s. Le/r for E = 200 GPa and sy = 250 MPa. The portion over sy is useless, since the static strength needs also to be satisfied. It would appear that if we used the combine curve as the critical stress curve, it would c