02第二章基于TCP IP的互连网络.ppt

第二章基于TCP/IP的互连网络 本章目标 通过本章的学习，您应该掌握以下内容： 了解TCP/IP协议栈，各个分层的主要功能、IP协议的应用 掌握IP地址分类，子网掩码的作用，识别网络标识号、主机标识号，子网的数目 学会在路由器的端口正确设置IP地址和子网掩码 用路由器连接两个不同的VLAN实现通讯 TCP/IP介绍 早期的协议族 全球范围 TCP/IP 协议族 应用层概述 传输层概述 TCP 数据格式 端口号 TCP 端口号 TCP 三次握手 TCP 三次握手 TCP 三次握手 TCP 简单确认 TCP 简单确认 TCP 简单确认 TCP 简单确认 TCP 简单确认 TCP 简单确认 TCP 简单确认 滑动窗口 = 1 TCP 顺序号和确认号 TCP 顺序号和确认号 TCP 顺序号和确认号 TCP 顺序号和确认号 TCP 窗 口 TCP 窗 口 TCP 窗 口 TCP 窗 口 TCP 窗 口 UDP 数据格式 没有顺序号和确认号 Internet 层概述 OSI 网络层对应的是TCP/IP的internet层 IP 数据 协议域 决定上层协议 ICMP协议 ARP协议 ARP协议 ARP协议 ARP协议 映射 IP Ethernet Local ARP RARP协议 RARP协议 RARP协议 RARP协议 映射 Ethernet IP TCP/IP地址介绍 断点连接需要确定的地址 路径选择 Location is represented by an address 二进制和十进制的转换 IP 地 址 IP 地 址 IP 地 址 使用子网掩码识别网络地址 IP 地址分类 Class A: Class B: Class C: Class D: 多播地址 Class E: 科研用 IP 地址分类 主机地址 计算可用的主机地址 IP地址分类练习 IP地址分类练习（答案） Layer 1 of 7: The window size is the number of messages transmitted before the sender must wait for an acknowledgment. Window size was presented earlier in the course, so this slide is a review. The initial state, no messages being sent. Layer 2 of 7: Data message 1 sent. (Send 1, Receive 1) Layer 3 of 7: Acknowledgment message 2 sent. (Send ACK 2, Receive ACK 2) Layer 4 of 7: Data message 2 sent. (Send 2, Receive 2) Layer 5 of 7: ACK for message 2. (Send ACK 3, Receive ACK 3) Layer 6 of 7: Send 3, Receive 3. Layer 1 of 7: ACK for message 3. (Send ACK 4, Receive ACK 4) This sequence helps to convey the delay associated with a window size of one. Note: TCP acknowledgments are expectational and are sometimes called forward referenced, which means that they refer to the segment they are expecting to receive, not the one just sent. Acknowledgment field sizes can become an issue when transmitting data at FDDI and ATM speeds. Layer 1 of 5: This figure points out the benefit of a larger window size. Layer 1 is in the initial state, no messages being sent. Layer 2 of 5: Layer 2 illustrates how the sending device defines its window