高考英语一轮复习精品课件：语法专项突破-特殊句式和主谓一致.ppt

②I’m afraid, I think, I believe, I hope, I guess等作答语, 后面so与not分别等于肯定和否定, 宾语从句可省略。 *—Do you think it will rain? —I hope not (that it will not rain). (2)定语从句: ①在限制性定语从句中, 关系代词that, which, whom充当宾语, 而且前面无介词时可省略。 *He lost the watch(that/which)he bought yesterday. ②the way后的定语从句常省略关系词that或in which, the time后的定语从句常省略关系词that或when。 *I don’t like the way (that/in which) he speaks to others. (3)状语从句: 当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句的主语为it, 且从句谓语中有be动词时, 可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词。 *Though (they were) tired, they went on walking. (4)虚拟语气: 在虚拟条件句中, 如含有had, were, should, if可省略, 句子要用倒装。 *Were I (=If I were)twenty now, I would join the army. (5)动词不定式: ①不定式符号to的省略: a. 感官动词或使役动词(如feel, see, hear, notice, let, make, have等)后接不定式作宾语补足语时省略to。 *I heard someone sing in the next room. b. 在do nothing but, can’t help but, why not, would rather. . . than. . . ; prefer to do. . . rather than. . . 等句型中省略to。 *He did nothing but wait all the time. ②不定式省略: a. 使用不定式符号to来代替整个不定式, 常在be afraid, expect, forget, hope, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, refuse, seem, try, want, wish等后面。 *I asked him to see the film, but he didn’t want to. b. 在某些形容词glad, happy, pleased, delighted等后面使用不定式符号to来代替整个不定式。 *—Will you join in the game? —I’d be glad to. c. 如果不定式中含有be, have, have been, 通常保留be, have和have been。 *—Are you a sailor? —No, but I used to be. 2. 祈使句 【点津】祈使句+and+陈述句=If. . . , +主句 祈使句+or+陈述句=If. . . not. . . , +主句 3. 反意疑问句 【点津】回答反意疑问句时, 如果事实是肯定的, 答语用“Yes+肯定的简略句”; 如果事实是否定的, 答语用“No+否定的简略句”。但陈述部分是否定形式时, 答语中的Yes译成“不”, 答语中的No译成“对, 是的”。 4. 感叹句 (1)How +形容词/副词+主语+谓语! (2)How+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语! (3)How+主语+谓语! (4)What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语! (5)What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语! (6)What+形容词+复数名词+主语+谓语! (7)What+名词+主语+谓语! 【典题印证】完成句子 (2014·福建高考)The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely, 　　　(如果曾经有的话), reaching 30℃in summer. 解题关键: 根据句中的关键词quite pleasant(宜人), rarely(极少)可知, 空格处表达的意思是“如果曾经有(if ever)”。if ever相当于if it(the temperature)ever reached 30℃in summer。 【高考集训