1低食物下水蚤存活率和生殖率的克隆变异.pdfVIP

frbiol$470 Freshwater Biology (1996) 35, 1–10 Clonal variation in the survival and reproduction of Daphnia pulicaria under low-food stress G R E G O R Y T . E P P Section of Ecology and Systematics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, U.S.A. Address for correspondence: Dr Gregory T. Epp, 129 Lincoln Avenue, Lexington, KY 40502, U.S.A. S U M M A R Y 1. Survivorship and reproductive parameters of eight Daphnia pulicaria clones were evaluated in a life-table experiment under four dietary regimes ranging from food limitation to complete food deprivation. 2. D. pulicaria exhibited both diet-independent interclonal differences and genotype– environment interactions in life-span. 3. Reproduction ceased entirely or nearly so under the three treatments with lowest food availability. Under life-long food limitation, differences between clones were evident in clutch sizes and age at first reproduction. Some clones produced ephippia at a markedly higher frequency than others under food-limiting conditions. 4. For most of the life-history traits evaluated, within-lake variation among clones exceeded differences between the two lake populations they represented. 5. Intraspecific variations in response to periods of food deprivation and to extended quantitative or qualitative food-limitation could affect the clonal composition of Daphnia populations. They are therefore of potential importance in determining the effect of altered phytoplankton assemblages on zooplankton communities. Introduction Examinations of inter