组织的经济学与管理学（英文） 全套课件.ppt

Chapter 1 Introduction George Hendrikse Themes Coordination Motivation Is specialisation and exchange attractive? Yes, according to the law of comparative advantages. Figure 1.1: Production possibilities lines Autarky A: 70 points, 30 heads B: 20 points, 20 heads Total: 90 points, 50 heads Specialisation C: 100 points, 0 heads D: 0 points, 60 heads Total: 100 points, 60 heads Law of comparative advantages The total output (production) of a group (persons, companies, countries) is largest when each good or service is produced by the person with the lowest opportunity costs (the comparative advantage). Problems of specialisation coordination motivation Diamond-water paradox Why is water cheap while it is essential for humans, whereas diamonds are expensive but useless? Resolution of paradox Distinguish between value in use and value in exchange. Marginal analysis Demand and supply. Figure 1.2: Demand and supply What determines the extent of specialisation? number of tasks / specialisations (N); level of general knowledge (K). Figure 1.3: Optimal degree of specialisation. Special cases Autarky Invisible hand Autarky CN(N) 0 BN(K,N) = 0 Invisible hand CN(N) = 0 BN(K,N) 0 The importance of organisations compared to markets Waste versus deadweight loss. Figure 1.4: Organisation versus competition Figure 1.5: Institutional analyses Chapter 2 Positioning George Hendrikse Figure 2.1: Scheme of thought Figure 2.2: Behavioural assumptions and organisation theories What is a firm? Views of the firm Technological Contractual / judicial Psychological Sociological Biological Holistic Game theory A unified analytical structure for studying all situations of conflict and cooperation or A tool for modelling multiperson decision situations Non-cooperative game theory A non-cooperative game consists of 5 ingredients: Players Actions Payoffs Information structure Rules of the game 1. Players Number of players Types Government Firm Consumer Country Student