病理学诊断基础图片.docVIP

病理学诊断基础图片病理基本病变是病理诊断的基础，这里收集了一部分但愿对初学者有一定帮助。 1、核沟 2、HP感染 3、腱鞘巨细胞瘤中的“多核巨细胞”及“含铁血黄素” 4、泡状核细胞（最醒目的核呈空泡状、核仁嗜酸的大细胞） 5、菊形团（五星指示） 6、泡沫细胞 7、肝细胞小泡型脂肪变 8、血栓 9、肝细胞核空泡变性(糖原核) 10、梭形细胞的栅栏状排列 11、正常鳞状上皮细胞之间的细胞间桥 12、玻璃样变性 13、子宫内膜腺癌 图示子宫内膜腺癌。棕褐色不规则的肿块充满子宫腔并向肌层浸润。大多数病人发病年龄在55－60岁之间，极少发生于40岁以下。主要危险因素是长期过多雌激素的刺激。雌激素升高导致内膜增生，并促使癌发生。无排卵性月经周期、肥胖、分泌雌激素的卵巢肿瘤、未育、外源性雌激素治疗，都能增加子宫内膜腺癌发生的危险。高血压、糖尿病也是其危险因素。绝经期后不规则的阴道流血可能是其仅有的征象。子宫无明显增大。大多数子宫内膜腺癌局限于子宫（即期），其五年存活率为90%。 The irregular tan mass filling the endometrial cavity and infiltrating into the myometrium of the uterus is an endometrial adenocarcinoma, seen to be moderately differentiated microscopically. Most patients with this neoplasm are 55 to 65 years of age, and rarely younger than 40 years. The major risk factor for this carcinoma stems from prolonged estrogen stimulation. Conditions that lead to increased estogenic exposure can produce endometrial hyperplasia, from which a cancer can arise. Anovulatory cycles, obesity, estrogen-producing ovarian tumors, low parity or nulliparity, and exogenous estrogen therapy can all increase the risk for endometrial adenocarcinoma in this manner. Hypertension and diabetes mellitus are also risk factors. Irregular postmenopausal bleeding may be the only sign, and the uterus may not be significantly enlarged. Most endometrial adenocarcinomas are confined to the uterus (Stage I) with a 5-year survival around 90%. 14胆石症 伴有胆固醇结石的胆石症患者。图示：剖开的胆囊内可见大量混合石（胆石分为色素性胆石、胆固醇性胆石和混合石三种）。大多数结石由钙、胆红素和胆固醇组成。明显的浅黄色与主要成分胆固醇有关。老龄化、女性、肥胖均为胆石症的危险因素。伴结石形成的慢性胆囊炎往往有胆囊粘膜及胆囊壁的慢性炎症。虽然大多数胆石症病人无临床表现，然而胆囊炎急性发作可致右上腹痛。色素石主要由胆红素钙形成，主要见于溶血和胆道梗阻。 A gallbladder is opened to reveal numerous composite gallstones. Most stones are mixtures of calcium, bilirubin, and cholesterol. This is cholelithiasis with cholesterol stones. The prominent yellowish color to these stones is consistent with their predominant cholesterol component. Aging, female sex, and obesity increase the risk for gallstone formation. There can be chronic inflammatio