_Handbook of nondestructive testing of concrete：Surface Hardness Methods.pdf

1 Surface Hardness Methods* 1.1 Introduction 1-1 1.2 Indentation Methods 1-2 Testing Pistol by Williams · Spring Hammer by Frank · Pendulum Hammer by Einbeck 1.3 Rebound Method 1-3 Rebound Hammer by Schmidt 1.4 Limitations 1-7 Smoothness of Surface under Test · Size, Shape, and Rigidity of Test Specimens · Age of Test Specimen · Surface and Internal Moisture Condition of the Concrete · Type of Coarse Aggregate · Type of Cement · Type of Mold · Carbonation of Concrete Surface 1.5 Rebound Number and Estimation of Compressive Strength 1-10 1.6 Rebound Number and Flexural Strength 1-11 1.7 Rebound Number and Modulus of Elasticity 1-12 1.8 North American Survey on the Use of the V. Mohan Malhotra Rebound Hammer 1-12 Department of Natural Resources