05金属锻造forging of Metals.ppt

Forging of Metals 刘世平 华中科技大学机械学院 Forged Components 2.3 Forging process Open-die forgingUpsetting with Barreling Open-die forgingCogging Operation on a Rectangular Bar Impression-Die Forging 2. impression-die forging on drop hammer Dies are composed of upper die and lower die. Usually used die materials are 5CrMnMo and 5CrNiMo。 1) Forging impression (1)finishing终锻模膛： Obtain final shape.获得锻件的最终尺寸。 All the transition should be smooth.所有转角都为圆角。 Surface perpendicular to parting line should have draft angle.垂直于分模面的表面都有模锻斜度。 Land and gutter should be considered.模膛周围开有毛边槽。 1) Forging impression 2) Blanking impression制坯模膛： (1）cogging拔长模膛：置于锻模的侧面。 (2）blocking滚挤模膛：用于截面相差大的零件的制坯。 (3）preforming成型模膛：形状复杂零件的制坯。 2) Blanking impression制坯模膛： Die Inserts Forging a Rod, Fullering, and Edging Trimming Flash After Forging Closed-Die Forging Versus Flashless Forging Principles of Various Forging Machines 3.Screw presses摩擦压力机上模锻 Principle of screw presses: these presses derive their energy from a flywheel, hence they are energy limited. The forging load is transmitted through a vertical screw, and the ram comes to a stop when the flywheel energy is dissipated.摩擦压力机的工作原理：利用飞轮带动螺杆和滑块向下运动时所积蓄的能量使锻件变形。 3.Screw presses摩擦压力机上模锻 4、mechanical press 曲柄压力机上模锻 Drive system曲柄压力机的传动系统： characteristics特点： Stroke is fixed.滑块行程固定 Die insert can be used.采用组合模 With guide and ejector pin.有导向、顶杆装置 Suitable of large production run.适用于大批量生产 5、Horizontal forging and upsetting machine平锻机上模锻： 平锻机的主要结构与曲柄压力机相同。只因滑块是作水平运动，故称平锻机。 5、Horizontal forging and upsetting machine平锻机上模锻： Characteristics平锻机上模锻的特点：（1）two parting lines are used, so some complex shape can be forged.有两个分模面，可以锻出其他模锻方法无法锻出的锻件。（2）high production rate.生产率高，400-900件/小时。（3）good dimentional accuracy and surface finish.锻件尺寸精确，表面粗糙度低。（4）material utilization can reach 85-95%.材料利用率达85-95%。（5）nonaxisymmetrical shape is hard to be forged by this way.非回转体及中心不对称的锻件较难锻造。平锻机造价高。（6）suitable to heading.适合于带头部的杆类和有孔零件的模锻成型。 Heading Stepped Pin Characterist