AuditSamplingforTestsofControls(英文版)(60页).pptVIP

Audit Sampling for Tests ofControls and SubstantiveTests of Transactions Chapter 14 Definition: Audit sample Application of audit procedures to less than 100% of the items in an account balance or class of transactions Used to evaluate some characteristic of the balance or class of transactions. Class of transactions - group with common characteristics like cash receipts. Population Definitions Population - set of all items that make up an account balance or class of transactions. Population unit - one item in the population is a unit. Sample Definitions Sample - a selection from the population Sampling unit - one item in a sample Sampling refers to the extent of the tests or sufficiency of the evidence The nature and timing relate to the competence of the evidence. Why Auditors Sample It is not cost beneficial to audit 100% of a population. There is usually not enough time to audit 100% of the transactions. Used to provide reasonable assurance that the accounts are stated fairly Sample must represent population Two Types of Sampling Statistical Sampling Non Statistical Sampling Statistical Sampling Must be random The results are calculated using mathematical expressions Statistical sampling uses the laws of probability for selecting and evaluating a sample from a population for the purpose of reaching a conclusion about the population. Non Statistical Sampling Does not require random samples Results are not expressed mathematically A non statistical sample is suppose to be developed to represent the population. Risk Associated with Sampling Sampling risk is the risk that the auditors conclusion from the sample would be different if based on the entire population. The sample is not representative of the population Non sampling risk is all risk other than sampling risk associated with an audit Errors in the auditors judgment in assessing risk, planning the audit or interpreting the evidence Controlling Risk The auditor controls non sampling risk by: Adequate pla