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MANUFACTURING AND SERVICES：FROM MASS PRODUCTION TO MASS CUSTOMIZATION.pdf
JSystSeiSystEng(Jun2011)2O(2)：129—154 ISSN：1004—3756(Paper)1861-9576(Online)
DOI：1O．1007／sI1518一Ol1—5166一x CNl1—2983／N
MANUFACTURING AND SERVICES：FRoM ⅣL SSPRoDUCTIoNTo
M ASSCUSToM IZATION
JamesM ．TIEN
CollegeofEngineering,UniversityofMiamLCoralGables，Florida3314~USA
jmtien@miami．edu(圜)
Abstract
Manufacturing and servicesconstitute two ofthe five sectorsofevery country’S economy；
dependingonthemautrityoftheeconomy,theyare——intermsofemployment——typicallythetwo
largestsectors．Theoutputsorproductsofaneconomycanalsobedividedintogoodsproducts(dueto
manufacutring，construction，agricultureandmining)andservicesproducts．Todate，thegoodsand
servicesproductshave，forthemostpart，beenmassproduced；itisthepremiseofthispaperthatrecent
technologicaladvances— including flexiblemanufacturing，cloud computing，nanotechnology and
smartsensing—canbeRerenablethetransofrmationfrom massproductiontomasscustomization．Wel
regardmasscustomization asthe simultaneousandrealtimemanagementofsupply and demand
chains．based on ataxonomy thatcan be defined in terms ofitsunderpinning componentand
managementofci．From a componentsperspective，wefirstconsiderthevalue chain ofsupplier,
manufacutrer,assembler,retailer,andcustomer,andthen developaconsistentsetofdefinitionsfor
supply and demand chainsbasedon thelocation ofthecustomerorderpenetration point．From a
managementperspective，weclassify themethodsthatareemployed inthemanagementofhtese
chains，basedonwhethersupplyand／ordemandareflexibleorfixed．Interestingly,ourmanagement
taxonomyhighlightsaverycriticalresearchareaatwhichbothsupplyanddemandareflexible，thus
manageable．Simultaneousmanagementofsupply and demand chains setsthe stage ofr mass
CUstomization which isconcernedwith meeting theneedsofallindividualized custom
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