行波超声电机频率跟踪系统研究.docVIP

行波超声电机频率跟踪系统研究 摘 要 超声电机(ultrasonic motor，简称USM)是一种全新概念的微特电机。它的工作原理是利用压电材料的逆压电效应，激发弹性体在超声频段内微幅振动，并通过定子与转子之间的摩擦作用将其转换成转子(动子)的旋转(直线)运动。 电机定子的压电陶瓷性能会随着环境温度、摩擦损耗、预压力、驱动器激励功率、输出负载等因素而变化，导致共振频率发生漂移(1~2kHz左右)，并最终使超声电机运转不稳定，性能降低、效率低下。 为了使超声电机始终在较佳的驱动频带范围内运行，必须以电机的驱动状态和振动状态反馈信号为参考，对不断漂移的工作点给予跟踪，实时调整驱动器的驱动频率，使电机的工作状态始终保持在所希望的区域，并满足电机的输出性能指标要求，如转速、输出功率、输出力矩、效率等。 本文绪论部分介绍了超声电机的国内外发展情况，简单说明了其工作原理。第二章建立了超声电机的等效电路模型，对测得的超声电机阻抗数据，用MATLAB进行了分析计算，选取了电机工作频率区间，确定了等效电路各个参数，并对电机进行了电学匹配及分析。第三章阐述了超声电机的频率跟踪原理及实质，简要介绍了目前常用的几种频率跟踪方法；对频率跟踪进行了理论分析，推导出根据少数频率点计算等效电路参数的公式，并用MATLAB计算验证，之后再根据得到的参数推导出各频率点的计算公式。最后在第四章做了总结与展望。 关键词：行波超声电机，等效电路模型，电学匹配，频率跟踪  The development of frequency tracking system of Traveling wave type ultrasonic motor Abstract Traveling wave type ultrasonic motor (USM) is a totally new concept micro motor. Its working principle is using the inverse piezoelectric effect of piezoelectric materials, exciting the elastomer a slight vibration in ultrasonic frequency band, and through the friction between the stator and rotor, the vibration is translated into rotary movement of the rotor. The performance of the piezoelectric ceramic stator of the USM will change according to environment temperature, friction loss, pre-pressure, incentive power of the driver, and output load, etc, which will lead to drift of the resonance frequency(about 1~2kHz), and at last it will make the USM’s operation unstable, performance degradation, and inefficient. In order to make the USM operating in a better driving frequency band, it is necessary to take motor-driven state and vibration state feedback signal as a reference, tracing the operating point, and through the adaptive adjustment of the driving frequency of the driver to make sure the USM’s operating state is always held in the target zone, and to meet the electrical output performance indicators, such as speed, output power, output torque, efficiency and so on. The introduction part of this article introduced the USM’s developments at home and ab