初中英语被动语态讲解15173.docVIP

一、被动语态的构成形式? ??1.?被动语态的基本时态变化? ??被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式,?被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：?? ??1)?am/is/are?+done?(过去分词)?一般现在时? 例Visitors?are?requested?not?to?touch?the?exhibits.? 2）?has?/have?been?done?现在完成时? ??例All?the?preparations?for?the?task?have?been?completed,?and?were?ready? to?start.? 3?am/is?/are?being?done?现在进行时??? 例A?new?cinema?is?being?built?here．??? 4）?was/were?done?一般过去时? ??例I?was?given?ten?minutes?to?decide?whether?I?should?reject?the?offer.??? 5）?had?been?done?过去完成时? ??例?By?the?end?of?last?year,?another?new?gymnasium?had?been?completed?in?Beijing.? ??6）?was/were?being?done?过去进行时? ??例A?meeting?was?being?held?when?I?was?there.?? ?7）?shall/will?be?done?一般将来时? ??例Hundreds?of?jobs?will?be?lost?if?the?factory?closes.?? ?8）?should/would?be?done?过去将来时? The?news?would?be?sent?to?the?soldiers?mother?as?soon?as?it?arrived.?? ?9）?shall/will?have?been?done?将来完成时（少用）???例The?project?will?have?been?completed?before?July.??? 2.?被动语态的特殊结构形式? ??1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。???例The?baby?should?be?taken?good?care?of?by?the?baby-sitter.? ??2)?有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语 变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。? ??例His?mother?gave?him?a?present?for?his?birthday.?可改为?He?was?given?a? present?by?his?mother?for?his?birthday.? ??3)?当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。? ??例Someone?caught?the?boy?smoking?a?cigarette.?可改为The?boy?was?caught?smoking?a?cigarette.? ??4）在使役动词have,?make,?get以及感官动词see,?watch,?notice,?hear,?feel,?observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。???例Someone?saw?a?stranger?walk?into?the?building.?可改为A?stranger?was?seen?to?walk?into?the?building.? ??5)?有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。? ??例The?meeting?is?to?be?put?off?till?Friday.???3.?非谓语动词的被动语态? ??v.+ing?形式及不定式?to?do?也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态)?。 例I?dont?like?being?laughed?at?in?the?public.?二、?如何使用被动语态? ??学习被动语态时，不仅要知道被动语态的各种语法结构，还要知道在哪些情况中使用被动语态。? ??1.?讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者?(这时可省?by?短语)。???例?My?bike?was?stolen?last?night.???2.?借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。? ??例?I?was?gi