专英0607试卷.docVIP

化学计量 Chemical property 速率定律 spectrum 化学动力学 millisecond 等摩尔 Gas chromatography 滴定 esterification 容器 Carboxylic acid 氢化 Grignard reagent 分子式 Hydroxylamine 水解 Carbonium ion 阴离子 Empirical formula 氧 氯 镁 钾 铁 磷 苯乙醇 己烯 乙酸 硫酰氯 polyester Acetic ester Acetic anhydride tetrahydridoaluminate Benzoic acid Isopropyl alcohol Sodium bisulfate Sodium bromide Propanoic acid octene 1、 There are approximately 100 chemical elements. There are millions of chemical compounds, and about 600000 new compounds are prepared every year. To form these compounds, atoms of different elements must be held together in specific combinations chemical bonds are the forces that maintain these arrangements. Chemical bonding also plays a role in determining the state of matter. At room temperature, water is a liquid, carbon dioxide is a gas, and table salt is a solid because of difference is chemical bonding. As scientists development an understanding of the nature of chemical bonding, they gained the ability to manipulate the structure of compounds. Dynamite, birth control pills, synthetic fibers, and a thousands other products were fashioned in chemical laboratories and have dramatically changed the way we live. We are now entering an era that promises (some would say forebodes) even greater change. The DNA molecule------the chemical basis of heredity------carries its genetic message in its bonds. Whether an organism is fish, fowl, hippopotamus, or human is determined by the arrangement of bonds in DNA. Scientists already have the ability to rearrangement these bonds, and this ability has given them limited control over the structure of living matter, As techniques of genetic engineering improve, scientists may literally be able to custom-tailor genes. Let us begin our consideration of chemical bonding so that we, too, can understanding the forces that control the structure of matter, living and nonliving. Ionic bond Let