西方文学的源头：课件.pptVIP

西方文學的源頭： 時間：c. 850 B.C.? 與 c. 750 B.C.? 地點：地中海 (the Mediterranean Sea) 四周 民族：the Greeks and the Jews 語言：Hellenic (古希腊語)，Hebrew (古閃族語) 文類：mythological (神話的)，religious (宗教的) 代表作：the Homeric epics (荷馬的史詩)， The Bible (聖經) What is an epic (史詩)? It is an extended narrative poem, exalted in style and heroic in theme. early or primary epics vs. literary epics Epic conventions: invocation, in medias res (in the middle of things), hero’s notable deeds (descent into the underworld), etc. E.g.: Iliad, Odyssey, Beowulf; Aeneid,  Paradise Lost 荷馬的史詩 Homer’s Epics： 作品：The Iliad (伊里亞德) The Odyssey (奧迪賽) 內容：the Trojan War (c. 1200 B.C.) Iliad: for Ilios (Troy) or for Helen Odyssey: Odysseus’ homeward wanderings 趣事：a. The Golden Apple: “To the fairest” Peleus Thetis, Eris (Discord) Hera, Athena, Aphrodite Zeus, Paris, Helen, Menelaus, Agamemnon 荷馬的史詩： 趣事：b. Achilles’ Anger: Agamemnon, Chryseis, Apollo Briseis, Achilles, Patroclus, Hector, Priam c. The Escape from Sirens: Odysseus and his men, the Sirens Filling ears with beeswax, tying to the mast d. The Chaste Penelope: 50 suitors, weaving a shroud, Telemachus, Odysseus’ bow 聖經 (The Bible)： 包括： the Old Testament, the New Testament ( the Apocrypha) 舊約：共 39 Books (篇) in 6 groups (類) written originally in Hebrew： History, Prophetic Books, Lyric Poetry Drama, Wisdom Literature, Tales 故事：Genesis: the creation of the world and man, the fall of Adam and Eve, Noah’s flood, the Tower of Babel 聖經 (The Bible)： Exodus: the escape by the Jews from their bondage in Egypt, led by Moses, crossing the Red Sea, wandering 40 years in the Sinai wild