大一期末考试英语试题3.docVIP

03 Passage 1 The nuclear age in which the human race is living, and may soon be dying, began for the general public with the dropping of an atom bomb on Hiroshima on 6 August 1945. But for nuclear scientists and for certain American authorities, it had been known for some time that such a weapon was possible. Work towards making it had been begun by the United States, Canada and Britain very soon after the beginning of the Second World War. The existence of possibly explosive forces in the nuclei of atoms had been known ever since the structure of atoms was discovered by Rutherford.???? An atom consists of a tiny core called the nucleus with attendant electrons circling round it. The hydrogen atom, which is the simplest and lightest, has only one electron. Heavier atoms have more and more as they go up the scale. The first discovery that had to do with what goes on in nuclei was radioactivity, which is caused by particles being shot out of the nucleus. It was known that a great deal of energy is locked up in the nucleus, but, until just before the outbreak of the Second World War, there was no way of releasing this energy in any large quantity. A revolutionary discovery was that, in certain circumstances, mass can be transformed into energy in accordance with Einsteins formula which states that the energy generated is equal to the mass lost multiplied by the square of the velocity of light. 1.?We learn from the passage that the A-bomb ____. [A]? brought about the nuclear age [B]? is a terrible thing to the whole mankind [C]? played a vital part in defeating the Japanese [D]? was a wonderful invention ?2.?According to the passage, an atom is heavy if ____. [A]? it has a large nucleus [B]? it is radioactive [C]? it has many electrons [D]? its nucleus shoots out many particles ?3.?A revolutionary discovery refers to ____. [A]? Rutherfords discovery [B]? radioactivity [C]? Einsteins formula [D]? the nuclear age ?4.?Which of the following statements is N