英语专业语用学考试笔记.docVIP

名词解释 Psychological distance: it may be that the truly pragmatic basis of special deixis is actually psychological. Physically close objects will tend to be treated by the speaker as psychologically close. Also ,sth that is physically distant will generally be treated as psychologically distant. Reference: reference is an act in which a speaker, or writer, uses linguistic forms to enable a listener, or reader, to identify something. inference: Inference?is the act or process of deriving logical conclusions from premises known or assumed to be true. Presupposition: a presupposition is something the speaker assumes to be the case prior to making an utterance, speakers, not sentences, have presupposition. Entailment: an entailment is something that logically follows from what is asserted in the utterance, sentences, not speakers, have entailments. Face,: face means the public self-image of a person. It refers that emotional and social sense of self that everyone has and expects everyone else to recognize. Politeness: in an interaction, can then be defined as the means employed to show awareness of another persons face. 简答题 1、whats pragmatics ? Types of it. Pragmatics is concerned with the study of meaning as communicated by a speaker( or writer) and interpreted by a listener{or reader} ① pragmatics is the study of speaker meaning. ②pragmatics is the study of contextual meaning. ③pragmatics is the study of how more gets it communicated than is said. ④pragmatics is the study of the expression of relative distance. whats deixis ? Deixis is a technical term( from Greek) for one of the most basic things we do with utterance. It means pointing via language. Any linguistic form used to accomplish this pointing is called a deictic expression. Deictic expressions are also sometimes called indexicals. They are among the first forms to be broken by very young children and can be used to indicate people via person deixis( me, you), or location via spatial deixis(