通信专业英语2.pptVIP

通信专业英语 Unit Two Electrical Components Part One Modern electronics has its beginnings in 1907 when Lee de Forest first inserted a metallic grid in a vacuum tube and was able to control the current in a circuit. Today, electronic systems still control voltages and currents but use solid-state devices. Basic electronic components, such as resistors or diodes, can be represented with graphs that show their characteristics in a more intuitive manner than mathematical equations.① Linear Equations: The Linear Equation of Ohm’s Law is I = V/ R As written here, the dependent variable in Ohm’s Law is current (I), the independent variable is voltage (V), and the slope is the reciprocal of resistance (I/ R). This is simply the conductance (G), by substitution, the linear form of Ohm’s Law is more obvious, that is, I = GV A linear component is one in which an increase in current is proportional to the applied voltage as given by Ohm’s Law. In general, a plot that shows the relationship between two variable properties of a device defines a characteristic curve. For most of electronic devices, characteristic curve refers to a plot of the current, I, plotted as a function of voltage, V. For example, resistors have an I/V characteristic described by the straight line given in Figure 2-1. Notice that current is plotted on the y-axis because it is the dependent variable. AC Resistance As you have seen, the graph of the characteristic curve for a resistor is a straight line that passes through the origin. The slope of the line is constant and represents the conductance of the resistor; the reciprocal of the slope represents resistance. The ratio of voltage at some point to the corresponding current at that point is referred to as DC resistance. DC resistance is defined by Ohm’s Law, R = V/ I. Many devices studied in electronics have a characteristic curve for which the current is not proportional to the voltage. These devices are nonlinear by nat