大学商贸英语考试范围.docVIP

第一单元P6 经济选择——生产可能性曲线 1.1重大的经济目标 the important economic goals 制定经济政策 formulate economic policies 自然资源的分配 the allocation for natural resources 政府总支出的限制 the limitation of the governments whole expenditure 农业总产量 the whole output of agriculture 充分利用各种生产要素 make full use of every factor of production1.2realize the price stability 实现物价稳定 fast economic growth 快速经济增长 the fall of inflation rate 通货膨胀率下降 economic performance of the government 政府的经济业绩 reduction in the opportunity of employment 就业机会减少 the input of the factor of production 生产要素的投入2.1 Our interest in microeconomics is motivated by more than our need to understand how the large economy works. 我们对于微观经济学的关注不仅仅是出于我们需要了解更大的经济领域是怎么运转的。 Within the confines of our production possibilities we have to choose among consumption, government spending, and investment. 在我们所拥有的生产可能性范围内，我们必须在消费、政府支出和投资之间进行选择。 RD activity may be a specific, identifiable activity ( e. g. ,in a research lab ) or it may be part of the progress of learning by doing. 研发活动可能是一项具体的、可识别的活动（例如在一个研究实验室中所开展的），或者它可能是“干中学”过程的一部分。 Industrialization, while perhaps costly in terms of resource allocation, has a major stabilizing influence by reducing dependence on single crops or products in the world economy. 从资源分配方面来看，工业化虽然可能代价高昂，但由于它在世界经济领域中减少了对个别作物或产品的依赖，因而产生了重要的稳定作用。 2.2 但事实上，在一种货物价格上涨的情况下，人们购买的数量可能更多，特别是如果预计价格将进一步上涨。 In reality, however, people may buy more of a good at increased prices, especially if the prices are expected to increase still further. 这样做，我们是出于这样的信念，即接近正确总比完全错误好。 In doing so, we are motivated by the conviction that it is better to be approximately right than to be dead wrong. 微观经济学着重于各个消费者具体的支出决定和影响那些决定的各种因素（爱好、价格、收入）。 Microeconomics focuses on the specific expenditure decisions of individual consumers and the factors ( tastes, prices, incomes ) that influence those decisions. 准备金规定是指一家银行资产的一定比例必须处于流动资产的形式，从而按该比例减少可用作贷款的准备金。 The reserve requirement is the percentage of a banks assets that must be held in a liquid fo