围手术期抗菌药物的使用.docVIP

腹腔镜胆囊摘除术患者围手术期抗菌药物使用情况分析 摘要　目的：了解腹腔镜胆囊摘除术患者围手术期抗菌药物的应用情况。方法：抽取我院2008年10月至2009年11月206例行腹腔镜胆囊摘除术患者的出院病历，对抗菌药物的应用数据进行统计、分析。结果：抗菌药物应用率达100％，其中头孢菌素类应用率最高，其次为喹诺酮类。围手术期抗菌药物应用时间平均为6.59 d，术后预防性应用抗菌药物时间≥2 d者占75.22％。结论：我院腹腔镜胆囊摘除术预防应用抗菌药物存在不合理现象，须加强对医师的抗菌药物合理应用知识培训和建立有效的监管机制。 关键词：　　腹腔镜；胆囊摘除术；围手术期；抗菌药物；调查分析 Investigation and Analysis of Use of Antibiotics in Perioperation with Gallbladder Enucleation by Laparoscope Li Yue College of Pharmacy, Shihezi University Sciences Xiao Zhen Supervisor teacher College of Pharmacy, Shihezi University：ABSTRACT：Objective To offer scientific basis for reasonable usage and mangagement of antibiotics through surveying the situation and problems of antibiotics usage in surgery during perioperative period. Methods 206 surgical cases of gullbladder resection by laparoscope during October 2008 to N0vember 2009 were selected A statistical analysis of use of antimicrobials was conclucted.Results The usage rate of antibiotics was 100%,the application rate of cephalosporins was the highest, and that of nitroimidazoles was the next.The mean time of the usage of antibiotics during perioperative period was 6.59 days.The duration of postoperative prophylaxis was 75.22%of the patients were treated with antibiotics for 2 days or more. Conclusion The prophylactic application of antibiotics in perioperation with gallbladder anucleation by laparoscope has some unreasonable phenomenon and must be strengthened.Training the doctor to use the antibiotics reasonably, and the effective surveillance mangagement mechanism be established. KEY WORDS Laparoscope; Perioperation; Antibiotics; Investigation and analysis 抗菌药物是临床应用最广泛的药物之一。在抗菌药物治愈并挽救了许多患者生命的同时,也出现了由于其不合理应用导致的不良后果,如不良反应的增加、细菌耐药性的增长以及选用不当引起的治疗失败等,给患者健康乃至生命造成不利影响。为提高细菌性感染的抗菌治疗水平,保障患者用药安全及减少细菌耐药性,2004年,中华人民共和国卫生部、国家中医药管理局、中国人民解放军总后勤部卫生部发布实施《抗菌药物临床应用指导原则》,明确指出各医疗机构必须定期与不定期进行抗菌药物应用情况调查分析。 腹腔镜胆囊摘除术属于Ⅰ类切口手术，《抗菌药物临床应用指导原则》（简称《指导原则》）中规定，应依据手术野污染或可能的污染菌种类选用，并参考医院细菌耐药状况选用品种，选用的抗菌药必须是疗效肯定、安全、使用方便及价格相对较低的品种。术前0.5-1.5小时内