ABA 信号 9.pdfVIP

Abscisic Acid- and Low Temperature-increased Gene Expression alongwith Enhancement ofFreezing Tolerance in Physcomitrella patens Manabu Nagao, Anzu Minami, Keita Arakawa, Seizo Fujikawa* and Daisuke Takezawa Institute of Low Temperature Science; *Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan Cold acclimation at low, non-freezing temperatures enhances ability of plants to tolerate freezing at various subzero temperatures, accompanying physiological and morphological alterations at the cellular level. Abscisic acid (ABA) is postulated tobe crucialtothedevelopmentoffreezingtolerance during the cold acclimation process inplants. A number of genes are reported to be inducedby cold acclimation and ABA treatment in higher plants, and the proteins encoded by these genes are thought to play a role in protecting plant cells from freezing injury. However, specific functions of these cold- and ABA-induced genes in vivo are not well understood because of lackof studieson geneticmutants deficient ineach gene. Inthe present study, we attempted to use Physcomitrella patens, in which specificgenescanbedisruptedbyhomologousrecombination, as a model system to identify the roles of the cold- and ABA-induced genes and to clarify the basic mechanism of freezing tolerance in plants. Equilibrium freezing test of P. patens protonema cells revealed that the cells grown under the normal growth condition are labile to freezing. ABA treatment, however, dramatically increased the freezing tolerance within several hours. Cold treatment at 4 淸 also increasedthe freezing tolerance,but the increase was far less than that achieved by ABA. We examined ultrastructures of freeze-labile and tolerant protonema cells by freeze-fracture electron microscopy. When non-treated control cells were subjected to freezing at –4 淸, ﾒaparticulate domainsﾓ and ﾒfracture jump lesionsﾓ, structures characteris