药学英语上册考点整理.docVIP

Introduction 1、Pharmacy:①药学；②药店。 Pharmacodynamics(药物效应学) Pharmacology(病理学) Pharmacokinetic (药物代谢动力学)ADME Pharmaceutics(药剂学) 2、Plural forms -a(-ae) : mocosa → mucosae formula → formulae(处方) -um(-a) : bacterium → bacteria spectum → spectra(光谱) -us(-i) : fungus → fungi coccus → cocci(球菌) 3、Daily English Words → Specific Profassional Meanings Word Common Meaning Meaning in this Field administration management Giving medicines to patients(给药) complication complex New illness that makes treatment more difficult(并发症) 4、Cell : basic living unit of structures functions of the body ①general cell structures components ②general mechanisms for changing nutritions to energy ③deliver end products into their surrounding fluid ④almost all have the ability to reproduce Notes: WEBSITES:CDA. FDA. WHO. ADME:Absorbtio(吸收in the body which occur in response to disease or injury. 2、人体组成分级、类别 cells(细胞)→tissues(组织)→organs(器官)→organ systems(系统)→organism(人体) 3、The principle types of tissues epithecal(上皮组织) connective(结缔组织) nervous(神经组织) muscular(肌肉组织) 4、Cardiovavascular system(心血管组织) ①组成：1）the heart 心脏 2）blood vessels 血管 3）associated tissues 相关联的组织 ②心脏结构：four chambers,two atria(心房) and two venticles(心室). ③血循环过程 1）Pulmonary circuit(肺循环): The right ventricles pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs where it absorbs oxygen from the air. 2）Systemtic circuit(体循环): The left ventricles pumps oxygenated blood returning from the lungs to the rest of body to supply the tissues. 5、 Anabolism(合成代谢) Catabolism(分解代谢) 6、The endocrine and nervous system 内分泌和神经系统 特点和区别：1）The nervous system uses electrical signals to transmit information very rapidly to specific cells. 2）The endocrine system secretes chemical agents,homones,which travel in the bloodstream to the cells upon which they exert a regulary effect. 7、Homeostasis （稳态）： ①定义：1)The process of stabilization of the internal environment/2)Maintanance of relatively constan