6第五节人对生物的调控.ppt

人对生物的调控 外在的调控 改变生理条件： 光周期，温度，激素，营养物质甚至损伤。 菊花开花营养及光周期 杂交水稻赤霉素处理 冬季植物ABA处理 冬季麦苗疯长 改变生物的基因 有性杂交 常规诱变 细胞融合 转基因 Transgenic Animal Animal in which a segment of DNA has been physically inserted into the genome. The genome of all cells of the organism contains the DNA segment. The DNA segment is present in the germ line so it can be transmitted to progeny as a Mendelian trait. Retroviral Mediated Gene Transfer Transgenic plant 基因枪直接转化 农杆菌Ti质粒介导 其它细菌介导 Gene transfer to plants by diverse species of bacteria NATURE VOL 433 | 10 FEBRUARY 2005 p626-633 /forge 直接改变生物基因的方法 1.RNAi: 在RNA水平上作用，抑制该基因的表型。 RNA／DNA嵌合分子介导的基因转变的过程过程 RNA／DNA嵌合分子介导的基因转变的机理 3.基因打靶技术(Gene targeting) 有时又称基因敲除(Gene Knocket)， 是一种定向改变生物活体遗传信息的实验手段。通过对生物活体遗传信息的定向修饰（包括基因灭活、点突变引入、缺失突变、外源基因定位引入、染色体组大片段删除等），并使修饰后的遗传信息在生物活体内遗传，表达突变的的性状，从而研究基因功能等生命科学的重大问题，以及应用于医学和工农业。 Embryonic Stem Cells Pluripotent stem cells isolated form the inner cell mass of a blastocyst stage mouse embryo. Cells retain ability to differentiate into all organs and cells. Cells can be propagated under conditions in vitro that allow them to retain their totipotency- prevent differentiation in vitro. Can be induced to differentiate in vitro into a number of cell types. ES cells can mimic early mammalian development in vitro. Can be manipulated in vitro to alter the genome through homologous recombination. Gene Knockout by Homologous RecombinationUsing an “O” or “Insertion” Type Construct Gene Knockout by Homologous RecombinationUsing an “W” or “Replacement” Type Construct * * 生物调控的重要性不言而喻 大多数时候生物不能完全满足人类的要求 产量、质量、抗逆性、适应性、时间等…… MoMuLV Producing Cells Mouse embryos Insertion of viral DNA containing transgene into embryos Transgenic Mouse X 1-cell pronuclear stage mouse embryo. PMS + HCG to superovulate ? Pregnant Foster Mother Oviduct Transfer + + 2-cell stage embryo Holding Pipette Injection Pipette 2.RNA／DNA嵌合分子介导的基因修复（targeted gene correction)，也可称为基因转变(targeted gene convers