医学专业英语作业.ppt

请在此处填写作品信息（此页非设计模板） * * * 请在此页填写作品信息（此页非设计模板） MEDICAL ENGLISH 唐佳佳 11级临本七班 1125100303 目录页 （设计好之后可以删掉这个文本框哦） Cardiovascular disease CONTENTS Types Risk factors Pathophysiology Prevention Cardiovascular disease (also called heart disease) is a class of diseases that involve the heart, the blood vessels (arteries, capillaries, and veins) or both.[1] Cardiovascular disease refers to any disease that affects the cardiovascular system, principally cardiac disease, vascular diseases of the brain and kidney, and peripheral arterial disease.[2] The causes of cardiovascular disease are diverse but atherosclerosis and/or hypertension are the most common. In addition, with aging come a number of physiological and morphological changes that alter cardiovascular function and lead to increased risk of cardiovascular disease, even in healthy asymptomatic individuals.[3] Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of deaths worldwide, though, since the 1970s, cardiovascular mortality rates have declined in many high-income countries.[4][5] At the same time, cardiovascular deaths and disease have increased at a fast rate in low- and middle-income countries.[6] Although cardiovascular disease usually affects older adults, the antecedents of cardiovascular disease, notably atherosclerosis, begin in early life, making primary prevention efforts necessary from childhood.[7] There is therefore increased emphasis on preventing atherosclerosis by modifying risk factors, for example by healthy eating, exercise, and avoidance of smoking tobacco. Types **Coronary artery disease (also known as coronary heart disease and ischemic heart disease) **Cardiomyopathy - diseases of cardiac muscle **Hypertensive heart disease - diseases of the heart secondary to high blood pressure Heart failure **Cor pulmonale - a failure at the right side of the heart with respiratory system involvement Types **Cardiac dysrhythmias - abnormalities of heart rhythm **Inflammatory heart disease **Valvular hea