精子发生过程中的相关基因.pdfVIP

HEREDITAS (Beijing) 2008 1 , 30(1): 3―12 ISSN 0253-9772 综 述 DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1005.2008.00003 1,2 1 1 1 葛少钦 , 康现江 , 刘桂荣 , 穆淑梅 1. , 071002; 2. , 071002 摘要: 在哺乳动物精子发生过程中, 原生殖细胞发育成为精原细胞, 再发育为精母细胞, 精母细胞经过两次减 数分裂成为圆形精细胞, 这些圆形精细胞经过细胞变态形成精子。精子发生过程经历了复杂的细胞分化阶段, 这一阶段受许多因素的调控作用, 其中生精细胞内的基因调节起着决定作用。精子发生中的重要基因与一系列 精子发生过程中阶段性的细胞事件密切相关, 例如减数分裂重组、联会丝复合物的形成、姊妹染色体的结合、 减数分裂后精子的变态以及减数分裂周期中的关键点和必需因子等。生精细胞许多特异基因的阶段特异性表达, 参与了精子发生这一特殊的细胞分化过程。近年来随着基因克隆、表达和功能研究技术的发展和应用, 发现了 许多与精子发生相关的基因, 而且有的被证明在精子发生过程中具有重要作用。文章较全面综述了这一研究领 域的一些进展, 着重讨论了与精子发生相关的周期蛋白基因、原癌基因、无精子因子基因、细胞骨架基因、热 休克基因、核蛋白转型基因、中心体蛋白基因和细胞凋亡相关基因等。 关键词: 精子发生; 基因; 调节 Genes involved in spermatogenesis 1, 2 1 1 1 GE Shao-Qin , KANG Xian-Jiang , LIU Gui-Rong , MU Shu-Mei 1. College of Life Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; 2. Hebei University Health Science Center, Baoding 071002, China Abstract: During mammalian spermatogenesis, primordial germ cells develop into spermatogonia, giving rise to sperma- tocytes that undergo two meiotic divisions to become round spermatids. These cells differentiate into spermatozoa during spermiogenesis. Spermatogenesis is a complex process of cell differentiation controlled by many factors, among which gene regulation in the spermatogenic cells plays a pivotal role. Genes important for male gametogenesis involved in highly con- served landmark events such as meiotic recombination, formation of the synaptonemal complex, sister chromatid cohesion, spermiogenesis during postmeiotic stages, and checkpoints and factors required for the meiotic c