介词的定义与特征.docVIP

介词的定义和特征 （介词是一种用来表示词与词, 词与句之间的关系的词。在句中不能单独作句字成分。介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组，在句中作主语, 状语，表语，补语或介词宾语。） 介词的种类： （1）简单介词：about, at, , by, down, during, for, from, in, of, on, over, near, ,to, under, up, with across, after, against, among, around, before, behind, below, beside, but, round, since等等。 （2）合成介词：inside, into, outside, throughout, upon, without, within （3）短语介词：according to, along with, apart from, because of, in front of, in spite of, instead of, owing to, up to, with reguard to 介词短语： 构成 : 介词+名词 We go to school from Monday to Saturday. 介词+代词 Could you look for it instead of me? 介词+动名词 He insisted on staying home. 介词+连接代/副词 I was thinking of how we could get there. 介词+不定式/从句 He gives us some advice on how to finish it. 介词的用法： 介词to的常见用法 a)动词+ to adjust to适应, attend to处理；照料, agree to赞同, amount to加起来达…， belong to属于, come to达到, drink to为…干杯， get to到达, happen to发生在某人身上, hold to紧握, lead to通向, listen to听, occur to想起, object to反对, point to指向, respond to回答, refer to参考；指的是…；涉及, reply to回答, see to负责, stick to坚持, turn to求助, write to给某人写信b)动词(+sth.)+to+sb. announce to通知某人, describe to向某人描述, explain to向某人解释, express to对某人表达, mention to提及, nod to向某人点头, report to报告, say to告知, shout to对某人大叫, suggest to对某人提建议,speak to与某人交谈, talk to跟某人谈话, whisper to和某人低声耳语。 c)动词+sth./sb.+ to +sth./sb. add to增加, compare to比作, carry to运送至, devote to致力于,introduce to介绍给, invite to邀请参加, join to连接到, leave to委托给,reduce to下降至, sentence to判处, take to带到。 二、at的常见用法 at构成的词组比较多，要细心区分。 1.动词+ at arrive at抵达 call at访问某地 catch at(it)当场抓住 fire at向…开火 glance at瞟一眼 glare at怒目而视 grieve at忧伤 knock at敲 laugh at嘲笑 look at看一眼 stare at怒目而视 tear at撕 wonder at吃惊 work at工作。 2. be +形容词/过去分词+ at be angry at恼怒于 be astonished at对…吃惊 be bad at不擅长 be clever at对某事很灵巧 be delighted at高兴 be disgusted at厌恶 be disappointed at对…失望 be good at擅长 be impatient at对…不够耐心 be mad at狂热于 be pleased at对…感到高兴 be present at出席 be satisfied at满意 be surprised at吃惊 be shocked at对…非常震惊 be terrified