外语系论文样张.docVIP

外语系论文样张 Incorporating Culture into English Teaching in Middle Schools A Thesis Presented to the College of English Shanghai Finance University By Li Xiaowei May 2008 Thesis Supervisor: Professor Yang Haiyan Abstract: The mechanism of metaphor is actually the nucleus of the study of metaphor. For more than two thousand years, metaphor was viewed as a device of rhetoric, an attachment to language. In accordance with this perspective, metaphor was a comparison between two things that do not belong to the same category or was regarded as one word used to substitute another because there were preexisting similarities between them. As a result of this perspective, two theories took shape: one was the Comparison Theory, the other was the Theory of Substitution. But modern scholars discard the perspective, holding that metaphor is not only a device of rhetoric, to be more important, it is a leading way for human beings to know this world, a way of thinking. Key words: mechanism of metaphor; collocation; device of rhetoric; Comparison Theory （注意：关键词3-5个，字体要加粗，词与词之间用分号分开，除专有名词外，其他单词首字母不大写， 如占两行，则第二行顶格） Contents Abstract ……………………………………………………….……….………..i I. Introduction……………………………………………………………...………..1 II. A Historical Retrospection of Metaphor……………………………...………...2 2.1 Aristotelian School: Metaphor—A Device of Rhetoric……………..……….2 2.2 The Platonic School—Language is Metaphorical……………….……………. 5 2.3 The Study of Metaphor from the 20th Century to the Present……………….…..6 III. On Similarity……………………………………………………………………7 3.1 Similarity: A Fundamental Criterion for the Classification of Metaphor………..7 3.2 Similarity and Culture………………………………………………………….9 3.3 Similarity and Category………………………….……………………………10 3.4 The Relationship Between Similarity and Knowledge……………………….13 IV. On the Mechanism of Metaphor…………………………….………………...15 4.1 Black’s Interaction Theory………………………………………15 4.1.1 Introduction to the Interaction Theory…………………………………...15 4.1.2 Some Defects of the Interaction Theory…………………………………