MKTG-7213L, Session 1, Background to legal requirements.pptVIP

MKTG-7213L, Outline Supply Chain Session no. 1Background to Legal Requirements Introduction Learning outcome At the end of this session you will be able to identify legislative framework that regulate shipping industry Topics Regulations and laws Transport modes Affected areas Law and its enforcement Regulations and Law There are a number of levels at which political decisions can be enforced: Law-statutes enacted by parliament Regulations-actions prescribed by the act empowering people to carry out a matter Orders-protocols handed down from outside bodies that can be administered by public servants Transport modes Interstate, intrastate and national Road Rail Sea Air International Sea Air Transport Legislative Matrix Website Resources Areas Affected Environment Protection Safety Commercial and contractual Tort (a legal term meaning a wrongful act, resulting in injury or damage, on which a civil action may be based. ) Economic Transport Legislative Matrix Law and its Enforcement Law, regulations and orders must be adhered to If not, penalties which laid down in laws will be enforced Overseen for safety and environment by various government bodies and agencies Penalties are enforced by these bodies or by the courts Appropriate penalty will depend upon gravity of offence. For instance breach of safety laws leading to death by manslaughter will most probably incur a jail term plus fine Purpose of Regulation  To prevent unreasonable prices, or monopoly power which produce excessive earnings (e.g. Railways in the us in 19th century) To control excessive competition (which leads to a fall in quality with abnormally low profits and a lack of sustainable equilibrium). Regulation attempts to prevent discrimination between customers with unequal market power Maintenance of broadly based public need The achievement of government objectives through policy initiatives Provision of public goods and high cost infrastructure Case:铁路垄断与《反托拉斯法出台》 19世纪70-80年代，美