概况3The Great Charter.pptVIP

English History 1. The origins of a nation 2. The shaping of the nation 3. Transition to the modern age 4. The rise and fall of the British Empire “O” S M E “O”是我 Henry Ⅱ’s Reforms William the conqueror—died in 1087 Eldest son Robert—Normandy Second son William Rufus—England—William Ⅱ. Killed when hunting Third son Henry—all his money—succeeded—Henry Ⅰ--died in 1135 Henry’s daughter married Geoffrey Plantagenet—son Henry—Henry Ⅱ--the first king of the House of Plantagenet.金雀花王朝 Henry Ⅱacquired the western half of France through his marriage to a French princess. In order to strengthen his control, he strengthened the Great Council.大议会 The council members worked as administrators行政主管 and judges. The chief member is called Chancellor.大法官。In charge of the administrative system 行政and judicial system.司法 The present-day English Lord Chancellor 上议院大法官is his successor. head of the judicial system and serves as president of the Upper House of 议会上院Parliament. 1. He reformed the land tax. 2. He reformed the law courts. He divided the country into six circuits.巡回区and appointed circuit judges. The reform led to the emergence of common law.普通法。There was no written law to tell the circuit judges how to deal with each case. The judges made decisions by relying on English social customs. The circuit court led to the founding of the jury system.陪审团制度。 3.He planned to reform the church courts. It had the exclusive 专有的right of justice over the whole body of educated men. All clerks charged with criminal offences were to be tried in the Bishop’s courts instead of the king’s court. This brought him into collision with Thomas Becket, who was made Archbishop of Canterbury. Four knights from the king’s court killed him. Pope threatened to excommunicate逐出教会 the king. The king gave money. help the crusade to regain the Holy Land. Henry Ⅱ’s rule, taken as a whole, was full of achievements. feudal order as strengthened, a period of security and prosperity. His sons contested for the t