矩阵分析英文课件1.pdfVIP

Review of Matrix Analysis Vector Space DDefifiniitiion ffor a vector space AA vectorvector spacespace VV overover aa fieldfield FF isis aa setset VV ooff vectors which is closed under vector addition defined in V ,denoted v  w( where v , w V), andand scalarscalar multiplicationmultiplication inin VV , denoteddenoted aa vv (where v V and a F ). The following ten propertieshold for all a , b FF andd u , v andd w VV: 1 1. v w V (Closure of V under vector addition) 2. u ((v w)) = ((u v)) w ((Associativityy off vector addition in V )) 3. v 0 = v (Existence of an additive identity element in V) 4. v ((-v )) = 0 ((Existence off additive inverses in V )) 5. v w = w v (Commutativity of vector addition inV )   (( osure off V under scalar multipp lication)) 6. a v V Cl 7. a  b v = a b v V ( ) ( ) ( Associativity of scalar multiplication in ) 8. 1 v = v ((Neutralityy off one,, Iff 1 denotes the multipp licative identity of the field F ) 9. a (v w) = a v a w (Distributivity with respect to vector addition) 10. (a b) v = a v b v (Distributivity with respect to field addition) A vector spp ace is a set off vectors which can be linearlyy combined. 2 Subspace Def inition f or a subspace AA subsetsubset YY ofof aa vectorvector spacespace VV isis calledcalled aa subspacesubspace ifif x , y  Y  x y  Y . x  Y , h , k R  kx  Y et k 0 a subs S ,, then pp ace must contai