SmallSinal Analysis and Control Design of Isolated Power Supplies with Optocoupler Feedback.pdf

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS, VOL. 20, NO. 4, JULY 2005 823 Small-Signal Analysis and Control Design of Isolated Power Supplies With Optocoupler Feedback ´ Yuri Panov and Milan M. Jovanovic, Fellow, IEEE Abstract— Optocouplers are widely used in isolated power sup- plies to transfer the feedback signal from the secondary to the pri- mary side. In many power supplies, the feedback amplifier is sup- plied from the output voltage that creates additional feedback path which should be taken into account in the control design. The paper presents a detailed analysis and control design for each of the two possible feedback loops that can be identified. In addition, dynamic limitations of the TL431 shunt regulator and of the optocoupler are discussed. Practical guidelines for the error amplifier design and a design example are presented for both voltage-mode and cur- rent-mode controls. Index Terms—Feedback loop, isolated power supply, opto- coupler. I. INTRODUCTION ENERALLY, offline and telecom power supplies require Gthe galvanic isolation between a relatively high input Fig. 1. Simplified circuit diagram of isolated power supply with optocoupler voltage and low output voltages. The most widely used devices feedback. to transfer signals across the isolation boundary are pulse trans- formers and optocouplers. The typical isolated power supply with the primary-side PWM control and optocoupler isolation is shown in Fig. 1. The feedback circuit shown in Fig. 1 is very popular in low-power/low-cost power supplies which usually do not have the standby c