Characteristics of high efficiency dyesensitized solar cells.pdfVIP

25210 J. Phys. Chem. B 2006, 110, 2521025221 Characteristics of High Efficiency Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells† Qing Wang,‡ Seigo Ito,‡ Michael Gra tzel,*,‡ Francisco Fabregat-Santiago,§ Iva´n Mora-Sero´,§ Juan Bisquert,*,§ Takeru Bessho,‡, and Hachiro Imai Laboratory for Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fe´de´rale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, Departament de Cie`ncies Experimentals, Uniersitat Jaume I, 12071 Castello´, Spain, and Enironmental Material Laboratory, Material Science of Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology 3-9-14, Shibaura, Minatoku, Tokyo, Japan 108-8548 Recei ed: July 6, 2006; In Final Form: September 19, 2006 Impedance spectroscopy was applied to investigate the characteristics of dye-sensitized nanostructured TiO2 solar cells (DSC) with high efficiencies of light to electricity conversion of 11.1% and 10.2%. The different parameters, that is, chemical capacitance, steady-state transport resistance, transient diffusion coefficient, and charge-transfer (recombination) resistance, have been interpreted in a unified and consistent framework, in which an exponential distribution of the localized states in the TiO2 band gap plays a central role. The temperature variation of the chemical diffusion coefficient dependence on the Fermi-level position has been observed consistently with the standard multiple trapping model of electron transport in disordered semiconductors. A Tafel dependence o