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Diagnostic criterion for crystallized beams
Diagnostic criterion for crystallized beams
Harel Primack ∗ and Reinhold Bl¨umel †
8 Fakult¨at f¨ur Physik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universit¨at, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, D-79104 Freiburg,
9 Germany
9
1 (February 2, 2008)
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Abstract
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] Small ion crystals in a Paul trap are stable even in the absence of laser
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p cooling. Based on this theoretically and experimentally well–established fact
- we propose the following diagnostic criterion for establishing the presence of a
m crystallized beam: Absence of heating following the shut–down of all cooling
o
t devices. The validity of the criterion is checked with the help of detailed
a
. numerical simulations.
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∗Email: harel@phyc1.physik.uni-freiburg.de
†Email: blumel@phyc1.physik.uni-freiburg.de
1
The production of crystallized beams is the holy grail of storage ring physics [1,2]. As
a matter of fact crystallization has already been achieved in a miniature storage ring with
essentially stationary ions [3]. Crystallization in high energy storage rings, however, remains
an elusive goal although many laboratories throughout the world are working on the problem
(see, e.g., [4–7]). Apart from electron cooling [8], laser cooling [9,10] is now employed by
some groups [4–7] as the mo
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