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Diagnostic criterion for crystallized beams.pdfVIP

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Diagnostic criterion for crystallized beams

Diagnostic criterion for crystallized beams Harel Primack ∗ and Reinhold Bl¨umel † 8 Fakult¨at f¨ur Physik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universit¨at, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, D-79104 Freiburg, 9 Germany 9 1 (February 2, 2008) r a M Abstract 0 1 ] Small ion crystals in a Paul trap are stable even in the absence of laser h p cooling. Based on this theoretically and experimentally well–established fact - we propose the following diagnostic criterion for establishing the presence of a m crystallized beam: Absence of heating following the shut–down of all cooling o t devices. The validity of the criterion is checked with the help of detailed a . numerical simulations. s c i 29.20.Dh, 05.45.+b, 32.80.Pj, 42.50.Vk s y h p [ 1 v 2 1 0 3 0 8 9 / s c i s y h p : v i X r a Typeset using REVT X E ∗Email: harel@phyc1.physik.uni-freiburg.de †Email: blumel@phyc1.physik.uni-freiburg.de 1 The production of crystallized beams is the holy grail of storage ring physics [1,2]. As a matter of fact crystallization has already been achieved in a miniature storage ring with essentially stationary ions [3]. Crystallization in high energy storage rings, however, remains an elusive goal although many laboratories throughout the world are working on the problem (see, e.g., [4–7]). Apart from electron cooling [8], laser cooling [9,10] is now employed by some groups [4–7] as the mo

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