Dynamics of the Cosmological Constant in TwoDimensional Universe.pdfVIP

KUNS 1221 HE(TH) 93/11 hep-th/9310059 September, 1993 3 9 9 1 Dynamics of the Cosmological Constant t in Two-Dimensional Universe c O 2 1 1 v 9 5 0 Izawa K.-I. 0 1 3 Department of Physics, Kyoto University 9 / Kyoto 606, Japan h t - p e h : v i X ABSTRACT r a We consider a two-dimensional model of gravity with the cosmological constant as a dynamical variable. The effective cosmological constant is derived when the universe has no initial boundary. It turns out to be extremely small if the universe is sufficiently large. 1. Introduction It is a profound mystery about the Universe that the observational bounds for [1] the cosmological constant are incredibly small. This has motivated various ideas on the subject of gravitation and cosmology. Recent interest in two-dimensional gravity might be largely rooted in stringy approach to unified theory. However, we hope that two-dimensional theories of gravity may also serve as toy models for investigating qualitative features of realistic gravity in four dimensions. In this paper, we consider a simple model of two-dimensional gravity where the cosmological constant appears as a constant of integration. Namely, the cos- mological constant is determined by an initial condition for a dynamical variable, whose expe