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Introduction to Language ModelsEvaluation in information retrieval.ppt

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Introduction to Language ModelsEvaluation in information retrieval

Introduction to Language ModelsEvaluation in information retrieval Lecture 4 Last lecture: term weighting tf.idf term weighting Last lecture: vector representation Vector representation Binary vector Frequency vector tf.idf vector Each component corresponds to a word Sparse vectors (lots of 0 elements) Last lecture: document similarity k and s are the vector representations of two documents Fried chicken example (p.770) Query (‘fried chicken’) q = (1,1) Document j (‘fired chicken recipe’) j = (3,8) Document k (‘poached chicken recipe’) k = (0,6) q = (1,1); j = (3,8); k = (0,6) Corpus representation: a term-by-document matrix Document length influence If term t appears say 50 times in a 100 word paper and 80 times in a 5000 word document, where is the word more descriptive? Maximum tf normalization: divide tf by the maximum tf observed in the document When computing document similarity What happens when one document subsumes the other? Language models: introduction Next Word Prediction From a NY Times story... Stocks ... Stocks plunged this …. Stocks plunged this morning, despite a cut in interest rates Stocks plunged this morning, despite a cut in interest rates by the Federal Reserve, as Wall ... Stocks plunged this morning, despite a cut in interest rates by the Federal Reserve, as Wall Street began Next Word Prediction From a NY Times story... Stocks ... Stocks plunged this …. Stocks plunged this morning, despite a cut in interest rates Stocks plunged this morning, despite a cut in interest rates by the Federal Reserve, as Wall ... Stocks plunged this morning, despite a cut in interest rates by the Federal Reserve, as Wall Street began Claim A useful part of the knowledge needed to allow Word Prediction can be captured using simple statistical techniques In particular, well rely on the notion of the probability of a sequence (of letters, words,…) Applications Why do we want to predict a word, given some preceding words? Rank the likelihood of sequences