专业英语ch._02.pptVIP

Dictation 财务报表；资产负债表；收益表；现金流量表；资产；负债；所有者权益；收入；费用；权益变动表；留存收益；会计等式；财务状况；经营成果；流动资产；存货；长期负债；应付账款；永久性账户；暂时性账户（20个） THE ACCOUNT An account is an individual record of increases and decreases in a specific asset, liability, or owner’s equity item. A company will have separate accounts for such items as cash, salaries expense, accounts payable, and so on. DEBITS AND CREDITS The terms debit and credit mean left and right, respectively. The act of entering an amount on the left side of an account is called debiting the account and making an entry on the right side is crediting the account. When the debit amounts exceed the credits, an account has a debit balance; when the reverse is true, the account has a credit balance. In its simplest form, an account consists of 1 the title of the account, 2 a left or debit side, and 3 a right or credit side. The alignment of these parts resembles the letter T, and therefore the account form is called a T account. $ 8,050 DEBITING AN ACCOUNT Example: The owner makes an initial investment of $15,000 to start the business. Cash is debited as the Owner’s Capital is credited. CREDITING AN ACCOUNT Example: Accounts of $7,000 are paid. Cash is credited as Accounts Payable is debited. THE ACCOUNT BALANCE Example: Cash is debited for $15,000 and credited for $7,000, leaving a debit balance of $8,000. DOUBLE-ENTRY SYSTEM In a double-entry system, equal debits and credits are made in the accounts for each transaction. Thus, the total debits will always equal the total credits and the accounting equation will always stay in balance. Increase assets Decrease assets Decrease liabilities Increase liabilities NORMAL BALANCE Every account classification has a normal balance, whether it is a debit or credit. For that particular account, the opposite side entries should never exceed the normal balance. Normal Balance