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Searching for Granularity of the Vacuum
Searching for Granularity of the Vacuum
D.Eichler Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
9
9 The hypothesis is considered that the vacuum is a Lorentz non-invariant foam in which translational symmetry
9
1 is spontaneously broken at the Planck or grand unification scale. This could possibly be observed via Rayleigh
r
a scattering of ultrahigh energy quanta, and it appears to be ruled out for spin 1/2 leptons and independently testable
M
for photons. A weaker version of the hypothesis predicts (for otherwise massless neutrinos) irreversible neutrino
2
2 mixing over a length scale of lP lanck (Eν /EP lanck)−2 in comoving cosmic coordinates for a purely four dimensional
3
v universe, and, for neutrinos that have spin 3/2 in a higher dimensional manifold above the energy scale ηEP lanck ,
0 −4
2 the mixing is predicted to take place over a scale of η times this length. Such neutrino mixing might also be
0
1 observable with atmospheric and solar neutrino experiments.
1
8
9
/
h
p
- I. INTRODUCTION
o
r
t
s
a Translational invariance of the vacuum is a sacred tenet of physics. One might suspect that, near the Planck
:
v
i scale, space may be grainy due, say, to condensates, quantum black holes, a spatially varying θ parameter, or phase
X
r decorrelation of virtual modes. This raises the question of whether on such small scales translational symmetry is
a
preserved or spontaneously broken. A grainy vacuum would suggest that physics at macroscopic scales is to some
(possibly small) degree unpredictable. Hawking 1,2 has suggest
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