国际经济学英文版名词解释 附有中文解释.docVIP

1 Absolute advantage: 绝对优势 The greater efficiency that one nation may have over another in the production of a commodity.This was the basis for trade for Adam Smith. 2 Ad valorem tariff: 从价税 A tariff expressed as a fixed percentage of the value of a traded commodity. 3 Balance of payments: 收支平衡 A summary statement of all the international transactions of the residents of a nation with the rest of the world during a particular period of time,usually a year. 4 Balanced growth: 均衡增长 Equal rates of factor growth and technological progress in the production of both commodities. 5 Buffer stocks: 缓冲存货The type of international commodity agreement that involves the purchase of the commodity(to be added to the stock)when the commodity price falls below an agreed minimum price,and the sale of the commodity out of the stock when the commodity price rises above the established maximum price. 6 Constant opportunity costs: 机会成本不变The constant amount of a commodity that must be given up to produce each additional unit of another commodity. 7 Community indifference curve: 社会无差异曲线The curve that shows the various combinations of two commodity yielding equal satisfaction to the community or nation.Community indifference curves are negatively sloped,convex from the origin,and should not cross. 8 Compound tariff: 混合关税A combination of an ad valorem and a specific tariff. 9 Customs union: 关税同盟Removes all barriers on trade among members and harmonizes trade policies toward the rest of the world.The best example is the European Union(EU). 10 Common market:共同市场 Removes all barriers on trade among members,harmonizes trade policies toward the rest of the world,and also allows the free movement of labor and capital among member nations.An example is the European Union(EU)since January 1,1993. 11 Dumping: 倾销 The export of a commodity at below cost or at a lower price than sold domestically. 12 Direct investments:直接投资 Real investments in factories,capital goods,land,and inventories where both capit