英语月考试题.docVIP

英语期末开卷考试例题 第一部分：阅读下列短文, 并对文后命题做出判断，1-5对的选T，错的选F。 30% (1) Foundations（基础（foundation的复数）；房基） While the term foundation is sometimes used to mean the ground supporting a building or civil engineering structure, it generally refers to that part of a structure which transfers the “load” to the ground. Although it does not show in the finished structure, the foundation is one of the most important parts of the work, and may cost more than the visible structure itself. Before design, the engineer must know what load is to be supported and what are the properties of the ground below. （虽然这个词基金会有时用来指地面支撑建筑物或土木工程结构,它通常指的是结构的一部分转让“加载”到地上。虽然它并没有显示出在完成结构,该基金会是最重要的一个部分的工作,而且费用可能超过可见的结构本身。在设计时,工程师必须知道什么样的负载将得到支持和是什么性质的,地面。） What is the foundation load? It included the weight of the structure and all the other weights to be supported by structure, such as the people using it, goods stored in it, machinery working in it etc. （什么是基础负载?它包括体重的结构和所有其他的重量来支持结构,例如人们使用它,商品存放在它、机械工作在它等等。） Foundation for light loads, such as those for a domestic house of single-storeyed building, are frequently carried on the ground layer quite near the surface and consist of a concrete strip. When foundation for a bridge or other large structures have to be built through water or in waterlogged (or very soft ground, a cofferdam is usually necessary, or sometimes a caisson or a monolith (基金会为光负载,比如一个国内的房子single-storeyed的建筑,经常进行地面层相当表面附近,由一个具体的地带。当基础或其他大型桥梁结构必须是建立在水或在水涝(或非常柔软的地上,围堰通常是有必要的,或有时沉箱或一个单独的巨石) In order to obtain information about that the ground is like below the structure, pits and test bores are made, or even shafts or tunnels for the larger structure. (为了获得信息,就像下面的地面的结构,并测试了坑孔,甚至轴或隧道进行更大的结构。) True False statements:(真实与虚假陈述:) ( ) 1. People usually can not see the foundation in a finished building. (人们通常无法看到在完成建设的基础。) ( ) 2. The foundation sometimes costs more than the visible structure itself. (该基金会有时成本超过可见的结构本身。) ( ) 3. The load of the foundati