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Arch Microbiol (2013) 195:203–209 DOI 10.1007/s00203-013-0869-7 ORIGINAL PAPER Virulence determinants and biofilm production among Trueperella pyogenes recovered from abscesses of captive forest musk deer Kelei Zhao • Yongqiang Tian • Bisong Yue • Hongning Wang • Xiuyue Zhang Received: 12 September 2012 / Revised: 10 January 2013 / Accepted: 11 January 2013 / Published online: 25 January 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013 Abstract Trueperella pyogenes (formerly Arcanobacte- were capable of producing a biofilm. However, no VDs rium) is commonly isolated from domesticated or wild presence and antibiotic resistance were statistically asso- ruminants as an opportunistic pathogen. To investigate the ciated with biofilm production. In conclusion, the current role of virulence determinants (VDs) and biofilm produc- study demonstrated that T. pyogenes was probably the tion in T. pyogenes isolates, a total of 36 T. pyogenes were primary pathogen of abscesses in the forest musk deer. collected from abscesses of forest musk deer in Miyaluo Moreover, as an animal origin pathogen, the increasing Farm (Sichuan Province, China). The prevalence of VDs resistance of T. pyogenes isolates could also associate with and associations with clonal types, antibiotic resistance and a decreased virulence. biofilm production were analyzed by PCR and bioassay. Finally, T. pyogenes isolates were separated into three Keywords Trueperella pyogenes Clonal type clonal types based on the DNA fingerprinting of BOX- Virulence determinants Resistance Biofilm PCR. Isolates with less VDs obtained from sick forest musk deer were mainly belonged to Type 1, and the iso- lates with robust VD repertoire obtained from de