工程师估价量对单价合同的不准确影响中英文版.docVIP

工程师估价量对单价合同的不准确影响 Abstract摘要：This paper discuss the issue of unbalanced bid prices in unit price highway contracts. 本文讨论了公路的合同单价的不平衡报价的价格问题。It analyzes the reasons contractors unbalance their bids and looks for ways that allow public transportation agencies to discourage this practice. 分析了原因，承建商竞投不平衡的方法，让公共交通机构，劝阻这种做法，并期待。It reviews the results of a study of quantity estimating accuracy of 462 transportation projects in Oklahoma, and finds that one method to reduce unbalanced bid prices is for the agency to ensure that the bid quantities used in the engineers estimate are as accurate as possible. 它审查的数量估计在俄克拉荷马州交通项目462个，准确的研究结果，发现了一个方法，以减少不平衡报价的价格是该机构，以确保中标，在工程师的估计使用量是尽可能准确。 Doing so reduces the need for contractors to unbalance to protect fixed costs and target profit on bid items that will underrun the quantity used in the engineer’s estimate.这样做减少了对不平衡保护承建商投标项目，将在欠载工程师的估计采用的数量固定费用和目标利润的需要。 Dor:10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000084 (ASCE的）有限公司 CE Database subject headings:Estimation;Pricing;Contracts;Highway and road construction. CE数据库主题词：估计;定价;合同;公路和道路建设。 Background：背景 The development of accurate pre-bid cost estimates is founded on the development of an accurate quantity estimate (UDOT 2007). 准确的投标前费用概算的发展是建立在一个准确的数量估算（UDOT 2007年）的发展。This is particularly true on unit price contracts where the competing construction contractors must bid the engineer’s estimated quantities even if they are incorrect (Schexnayder and Mayo 2004).这一点尤其对单价合同，即竞争性投标的建筑商必须工程师的估计数量，即使他们不正确（施克斯纳德和Mayo 2004）也是如此。There are two administrative factors that impact the accuracy of public engineer’s estimates. 有两个因素影响行政，公共工程的估计的准确性。First,most public agencies have constraints upon their ability to award construction projects based on the difference between the engineer’s estimate and the apparent low bid.首先，大部分公共机构后，其施工能力，奖励之间的工程师的估计以及差异明显偏低的出价为基础的项目的限制。For instance,the Utah Department of Transportation (DOT) requires the engineer’s estimate to be within 10% of the low bid (UDOT 2007).the Ok