DC_DC 变换的PCB layout 注意事项.pdfVIP

Layout Considerations for Non-Isolated DC-DC Converters DC-DC converters are an excellent source of electric fields and magnetic fields. Their EMI spectrum begins at the switching frequency and often extends over 100MHz. To minimize capacitive couplings and magnetic couplings care must be exercised in printed circuit board (PCB) layout. Parasitic capacitance and parasitic inductance of the circuit must be evaluated so that the proper trade-off can be made early in the design phase. For many years, repeated introductions of integrated DC-DC power-supply controllers have given us ever-higher levels of performance. These ICs unburden the systems engineer by removing the task of power-supply design, but this simplification has led to a loss of knowledge. Switching converters should therefore serve as a reminder to be careful. The following discussion presents rules for avoiding surprises when designing board layouts for non-isolated DC-DC converters. The first rule in optimizing such a layout is to isolate the converter. DC-DC converters are an excellent source of electric and magnetic fields. Their EMI spectrum begins at the switching frequency and often extends over 100MHz. To minimize capacitive couplings and magnetic-field-to-loop couplings, you should locate the converter away from other circuitry, especially from low-level analog circuitry. Isolating the converter is not always easy. Some boards accept input voltage on one side of the converter and distribute output voltages on the other side. VME cards or telecom cards, for example, include very complex routings with currents as high as 20A. A single connector brings in the input voltage and distributes several output voltages to the backplane. Therefore, theres a strong temptation to place the converter near this connector to reduce resistive drop. The area, however, is dense with interface drivers, backplane buses, and so forth, with the associated risk of noise coupling. A power