Computer networking_Chapter1_5th_April2016.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Introduction 1-* Introduction: Summary Covered a “ton” of material! Internet overview what’s a protocol? network edge, core, access network packet-switching versus circuit-switching Internet structure performance: loss, delay, throughput layering, service models security history You now have: context, overview, “feel” of networking more depth, detail to follow! HW#3 P8, P15, P23, P24 Introduction 1-* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Two simple multiple access control techniques. Each mobile’s share of the bandwidth is divided into portions for the uplink and the downlink. Also, possibly, out of band signaling. As we will see, used in AMPS, GSM, IS-54/136 * Introduction 1-* Caravan analogy (more) Cars now “propagate” at 1000 km/hr Toll booth now takes 1 min to service a car Q: Will cars arrive to 2nd booth before all cars serviced at 1st booth? Yes! After 7 min, 1st car at 2nd booth and 3 cars still at 1st booth. 1st bit of packet can arrive at 2nd router before packet is fully transmitted at 1st router! See Ethernet applet at AWL Web site toll booth toll booth ten-car caravan 100 km 100 km Introduction 1-* Nodal delay dproc = processing delay typically a few microsecs or less dqueue = queuing delay depends on congestion dtrans = transmission delay = L/R, significant for low-speed links dprop = propagation delay a few microsecs to hundreds of msecs Introduction 1-* Queueing delay (revisited) R=link bandwidth (bps) L=packet length (bits) a=average packet arrival rate traffic intensity = La/R A ratio of the average arrival rate to the average departure rate La/R ~ 0: average queueing delay small La/R - 1: delays become large La/R 1: more “work” arriving than can be serviced, average delay infinite! Introduction 1-* “Real” Internet delays and routes What do “real” Internet delay loss look like? Traceroute program: provides delay measurement from source t