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Angewandte Chemie DOI: 10.1002/anie.201108845 DNA-Templated Reactions Consecutive Signal Amplification for DNA Detection Based on De Novo Fluorophore Synthesis and Host–Guest Chemistry** Xiao-Hua Chen, Alexander Roloff, and Oliver Seitz* Chemical reactions templated by nucleic acids provide These reactions enable turnover in the template and provide fascinating opportunities for both materials science and life for large enhancements in the fluorescence. science. Nucleic acid directed chemistry has recently been Herein we report a new approach which involves an explored with an aim to construct replicable DNA nano- olefination reaction that proceeds by group transfer (rather architectures, to facilitate drug screening, to detect DNA and than ligation or cleavage) and leads to the de novo synthesis RNA even within live cells, or to release or form druglike of a fluorophore (Scheme 1a). This fluorophore is recognized molecules.[1] Typically, stoichiometric amounts of the DNA template are required to drive reactions. However, many applications would benefit from turnover in the template.[1a] For example, significant efforts have been invested in the development of template-catalyzed reactions that facilitate the detection of minute amounts of DNA or RNA.[2–4] In these methods, one template molecule (= analyte) is envi- sioned to trigger the formation of many signal molecules. Accordingly, turnover in the template would provide a mech- anism for the amplification of the detected signal. Of the