《《001 Troubleshooting hydraulic system problems，29页，液压系统问题总结》.pdf

Troubleshooting Hydraulic System Problems Introduction to Hydraulic Systems In 1650, French scientist, mathematician and philosopher Blaise Pascal discovered the fundamental law of physics that forms the basis of all hydraulic systems. Pascal’s Law states, “Pressure applied to a confined fluid is transmitted undiminished throughout the confining vessel or system.” In practical terms, if we apply this law to a hydraulic cylinder or motor, any oil pressure applied to the pistons will be transmitted equally in all directions within the fluid filled cylinder or motor. Hydraulic systems may be very complex, but every system, no matter how basic, must contain a reservoir, a pump, various valves to control oil flow, direction and pressure and a hydraulic cylinder or motor to move the load applied by oil under pressure. (SEE FIGURE 1.) FIGURE 1. A basic hydraulic system. Hydraulic System Operating Principles There are two fundamental principles that must be understood when troubleshooting hydraulic system problems. 1. Pumps (which may be vane, gear, or piston types) are used in hydraulic systems to produce sufficient flow to obtain the speed required from cylinders or motors. This speed (oil flow) can be increased or decreased by using a pump of higher or lower capacity, or by changing the relative size of the cylinder or motor, but the flow of oil (speed of the cylinder) will not be significantly increased or decreased by altering system pressures. 2. The resistance to oil flow is directly related to the load which the cylinder is carrying or lifting, therefore resistance to oil flow results in pressure. The heavier the load, the higher the resulting pressure (subject to the maximum pressure setting of the pressure relief valve). If a system is not maintaining correct pressures while the pu