《459_ftp》.pdf

phys. stat. sol. (a) 184, No. 2, 459–464 (2001) Classical or Relaxor Ferroelectric Behaviour of Ceramics with Composition Ba1—xBi2x/3TiO3 F. Bahri (a), A. Simon (b), H. Khemakhem (a), and J. Ravez (b) (a) Laboratoire de l’Etat Solide, ENIS, 3038 Sfax, Tunisie (b) Institut de Chimie de la Matie`re Condense´e de Bordeaux, CNRS, 87 avenue A. Schweitzer, F-33608 Pessac, France (Received July 24, 2000; in revised form February 8. 2001; accepted February 8, 2001) Subject classification: 77.80.Bh; 77.84.Dy; S10.15 Crystallographic and low frequency dielectric studies were performed on lead-free non-stoichiom- etric perovskite ceramics of Ba Bi TiO (0 x 0.15) composition. A classical ferro- 1—x 2x/3 x/3 3 electric behaviour was shown for x lower than 0.09. A relaxor behaviour appears for higher values of x (0.09 x 0.15). The corresponding relaxor characteristics increased as the composition deviated from BaTiO3. Such kind of materials are of interest for environmental-friendly applica- tions, in particular the ceramic with composition corresponding to x = 0.15, whose maximum of permittivity occurs at 280 K, i.e. close to room temperature. 1. Introduction According to their behaviour, ferroelectric materials, mainly of perovskite type, may be divided in two different classes depending on whether they are classical ferroelectric or relaxor one [1]. Here are some well-known examples of perovskite ABO3 type: –– classical ferroelectrics: KNbO , BaTiO [BT], PbTiO , . . . , 3 3 3 –– relaxors: Pb(Mg Nb )O (PMN), Pb(Sc Ta )O (PST), Pb(In Nb )O , 1/3