《Laser_Material_Interaction_for_Marking》.pdfVIP

Laser-Material Interaction for Marking: Wavelength dependence of materials: metals, plastics, semiconductors, and other materials Greg Bates Advanced Laser Center Miyachi Unitek Corporation Table of Contents Table of Contents ii List of Figures iv List of Tables v 1 Introduction 6 2 Summary 6 3 Laser-Material Interaction 8 3.1 Vibrational Excitation 9 3.2 Electronic Excitation 9 3.3 Photo-Chemical Reaction (Bond Breaking) 10 4 Metals 12 4.1 Metal Mark Types 12 4.1.1 Oxidation 13 4.1.2 Melting 13 4.1.3 Material Removal (Engraving) 15 4.1.4 Paint or Anodization Removal 16 5 Plastics 17 5.1.1 Plastics Absorption-UV region 19 5.1.2 Plastics-IR region 20 5.1.3 Plastic with Pigments/Additives-Visible/NIR Region 20 5.2 Plastic Mark Types 22 5.2.1 Carbonization/Charring 22 5.2.2 Foaming 24 5.2.3 Material Removal 25 5.2.4 Bleaching 27 5.2.5 Pigment Modification 27 5.2.6 Melting 28 6 Semiconductors 30 6.1 Semiconductor Mark Types 31 6.1.1 Material Removal/Hard Marking 32 6.1.2 Melting/Soft Marking 32 7 Other materials 35 7.1 Ceramics and Glass 35 7.1.1 Ceramics and Glass Mark Type - Cracking 35 7.2 Wood 36 7.2.1 Wood Mark Types – Carbonizing/Charring and Material Removal 37 7.3 Paper 38 ii 7.4 Coated Materials for Laser marking 38 Appendix 39 A. Absorption-All Materials 39 A.1. Metals