现代汉语“容词+‘一点’”研究.pdfVIP

摘 要 现代汉语“形容词+ ‘一点’”（简称为“A 一点”）是日常言语交际中出现频 率比较高的一种语言现象，是由形容词 A 和“一点”组合而成的一种语法结构， 通常有 “A 点”、“A 点儿”、“A 一点儿”等多种变式。进入“A 一点”结构中的A 主要是口语性较强的、表非定量的、褒义或中性的、单双音节性质形容词，有些A 来源于名词的活用。“一点”是对A 的补充说明，具有层级与完句两种作用。 在语法方面，“A 一点”具有灵活的组合能力和句法能力，可以与名词、动词、 形容词、副词、代词等各种不同词性的词及介宾短语、“的”字组合，也可以独立 成句，在句中充当主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等句法成分，可以进入 各种类型的单复句中。充当不同成分的“A 一点”及不同类型的“A 一点”句，各 自呈现出不同的特点。在语义方面，“A 一点”具有可调控性、模糊性、组合附加 义的尽量式与稍微式、语义指向繁复多变等特征。在语用方面，“A 一点”具有口 语化倾向，“一点”存在可以省略、不能省略以及省略后语义是否改变等情况。 在否定句中，“A 一点”可使否定语气加强、语意强化；在肯定句中，“A 一点” 具有使语气委婉、语意弱化的语用效果。泛化而来的“A 一点”可收到使语言新奇 简炼的功效。 关键词：A 一点；语法特征；语义特征；语用特征 I ABSTRACT The structure of “adjective + yidian ” (called for “A yidian”) is a language phenomenon which has a quite high frequency in daily oral communication in modern Chinese. It is one kind of grammar structure formed by adjective adding yidian. It has variants such as “A dian”, “A dianer”, “A yidianer”. Most of adjective of this structure are always more spoken, non-quantitive, commendatory or neutral, Single syllable or plural syllable, and some stem from the flexible usage of the noun. “yidian” is the supplement of the “A”, has the functions of live rank and complete sentence. In grammar, “A yidian” has the ability of flexible combination and syntax. It can combine with the noun, the verb, the adjective, the adverb, the pronoun as well as all kinds of terms, preposition phrase “de”, and it also can appear independent in the simple sentence as subject, object, complement, predicate an d so on. We may also find this structure in all kinds of complex sentences, whether when it acts as different compositions or different types of sentences, it will have the different featur