《EPCOS_磁环选型计算公式_GeneralDefinitions》.pdfVIP

Ferrites and accessories General – Definitions Date: September 2006 Data SheetData Sheet  EPCOS AG 2006. Reproduction, publication and dissemination of this data sheet and the information contained therein without EPCOS’ prior express consent is prohibited. General Definitions General – Definitions 1 Hysteresis The special feature of ferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic materials is that spontaneous magnetization sets in below a material-specific temperature (Curie point). The elementary atomic magnets are then aligned in parallel within macroscopic regions. These so-called Weiss’ domains are normally oriented so that no magnetic effect is perceptible. But it is different when a ferromagnetic body is placed in a magnetic field and the flux density B as a function of the magnetic field strength H is measured with the aid of a test coil. Proceeding from H = 0 and B = 0, the so-called initial magneti- zation curve is first obtained. At low levels of field strength, those domains that are favorably oriented to the magnetic field grow at the expense of those that are not. This produces what are called wall displacements. At higher field strength, whole domains overturn magnetically – this is the steepest part of the curve – and finally the magnetic moments are moved out of the preferred states given by the crystal lattice into the direction of the field until saturation is obtained, i.e. until all elementary magnets in the material are in the direction of the field. If H is now reduced again, the B curve is completely different. The relationship shown in the hysteresis loop (figure 1) is obtained. 1.1 Hysteresis loop Initial magnetization curve Initial