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《Ferroelectric Phase Transition in individual single-crystalline batio3 nanowires》.pdf
NANO
LETTERS
Ferroelectric Phase Transition in 2006
Vol. 6, No. 4
Individual Single-Crystalline BaTiO3 735739
Nanowires
Jonathan E. Spanier,†,§, Alexie M. Kolpak,†,⊥ Jeffrey J. Urban,§ Ilya Grinberg,⊥
Lian Ouyang,§ Wan Soo Yun,‡,§ Andrew M. Rappe,*,⊥ and Hongkun Park*,§
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Har ard Uniersity, Cambridge
Massachusetts 02138, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel
Uniersity, Philadelphia, Pennsylania 19104, and The Makineni Theoretical
Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, Uni ersity of Pennsylania,
Philadelphia, Pennsyl ania 19104-6323
Received December 24, 2005
ABSTRACT
We report scanned probe characterizations of the ferroelectric phase transition in individual barium titanate (BaTiO ) nanowires. Variable-
3
temperature electrostatic force microscopy is used to manipulate, image, and evaluate the diameter-dependent stability of ferroelectric
polarizations. These measurements show that the ferroelectric phase transition temperature (T ) is depressed as the nanowire diameter (d )
C
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