《Effectiveness of Knowledge Translation Interventions to Improve Cancer Pain Management》.pdf

Vol. 41 No. 5 May 2011 Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 915 Review Article Effectiveness of Knowledge Translation Interventions to Improve Cancer Pain Management Greta G. Cummings, RN, PhD, Susan Armijo Olivo, PhD, Patricia D. Biondo, PhD, € Carla R. Stiles, RN, BN, Ozden Yurtseven, MSc, Robin L. Fainsinger, MBChB, LMCC, CCFP, and Neil A. Hagen, MD, FRCPC ¨ CLEAR Outcomes Research Program (G.G.C., O.Y.), Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta; Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine (S.A.O.), University of Alberta; and Division of Palliative Care Medicine and Department of Oncology (R.L.F.), University of Alberta, Edmonton; Grey Nuns Hospital (R.L.F.), Edmonton; and Alberta Health Services Cancer Care (P.D.B., C.R.S., N.A.H.), Tom Baker Cancer Center, University of Calgary, and Departments of Oncology, Clinical Neurosciences and Medicine (N.A.H.), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada Abstract Context. Cancer pain is prevalent, yet patients do not receive best care despite widely available evidence. Although national cancer control policies call for education, effectiveness of such programs is unclear and best practices are not well defined. Objectives. To examine existing evidence on whether knowledge translation (KT) interventions targeting health care providers, patients, and caregivers improve cancer pain outcomes. Methods. A systematic review and meta-analysis were undertaken to evaluate primary studies that examined effects of KT interventions on providers and patients. Results. Twenty-six studies met the inclusion criteria. Five studies reported interventions targeting health care providers, four focused on patients or their families, one study examined patients and their significant others, and 16 studies examined patients only. Seven quantitative comparisons measured the st